Agricultural land-use history increases non-native plant invasion in a southern Appalachian forest a century after abandonment

نویسندگان

  • Timothy R. Kuhman
  • Scott M. Pearson
  • Monica G. Turner
چکیده

Land-use history can play a significant role in shaping forest communities. We considered the effects of agricultural land-use legacies on the distribution of non-native invasive plants a century after abandonment in a watershed in western North Carolina, USA. Forest sites that were previously in cultivation and abandoned ca. 1905 were compared with nearby reference sites that were never cultivated. The most common invasive plants were Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb., Microstegium vimineum Trin., and Lonicera japonica Thunb. Formerly cultivated sites and plots positioned downslope from roads had the most invasives. Soil cation concentration and pH were positively correlated with invasive presence and abundance. Historic agricultural plots where the successional tree Liriodendron tulipifera L. was dominant had the highest soil cation concentrations and soil pH and the greatest abundance of invasive plants. Disentangling the cause–effect relationships between land-use history, the biotic community, and the abiotic template presents a challenge, but understanding the role of land-use legacies may provide important insights regarding the mechanisms underlying the establishment and spread of invasive plants in forest ecosystems. Our results suggest that land-use history at Bent Creek may be facilitating plant invasion indirectly by causing a shift in overstory community composition that in turn creates more suitable understory conditions for shade-tolerant invasive plants. Résumé : L’utilisation passée des terres peut jouer un rôle important dans la formation des communautés forestières. Nous avons examiné les effets de l’utilisation passée des terres à des fins agricoles sur la distribution des plantes exotiques invasives, un siècle après l’abandon de l’agriculture dans un bassin versant le l’ouest de la Caroline du Nord, aux États-Unis. Les stations forestières précédemment cultivées et abandonnées autour de 1905 ont été comparées à des stations témoins situées à proximité et qui n’ont jamais été cultivées. Les plantes invasives les plus fréquentes étaient Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb., Microstegium vimineum Trin. et Lonicera japonica Thunb. Les stations précédemment cultivées et les parcelles situées en aval d’un chemin avaient la plus grande quantité de plantes invasives. La concentration des cations et le pH du sol étaient positivement corrélés avec la présence de plantes invasives et leur abondance. Les parcelles jadis occupées par l’agriculture, où dominait l’espèce successionnelle Liriodendron tulipifera L., avaient les plus fortes concentrations de cations dans le sol, le pH du sol le plus élevé et la plus grande abondance de plantes invasives. C’est un défi de démêler les relations de cause à effet entre l’utilisation passée des terres, la communauté biotique et la plate-forme abiotique mais la compréhension du rôle de l’héritage laissé par l’utilisation des terres peut fournir de précieuses indications concernant les mécanismes sous-jacents à l’établissement et à la propagation des plantes invasives dans les écosystèmes forestiers. Nos résultats indiquent que l’utilisation passée des terres à Bent Creek pourrait indirectement faciliter l’invasion des plantes en provoquant un changement dans la composition de la communauté de l’étage dominant qui à son tour crée des conditions plus favorables en sousbois pour les plantes invasives tolérantes à l’ombre. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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تاریخ انتشار 2011